A micro mechanical model was established to analyze the longitudinal Young’ modulus and transverse shear modulus of the fiber composite columns reinforced foam core by using Corrected Mori-Tanaka theory. The test results show that the prediction results of the longitudinal Young’ modulus and transverse shear modulus of the composite structure was effective. And then the effect of the fiber composite column parameters was evaluated. Results indicate that the volume fraction in the fiber composite columns has great influence on longitudinal Young’ modulus, but has little influence on the transverse shear modulus. The specific longitudinal Young’s modulus increases with the increase of diameter of fiber composite columns, but the specific transverse shear modulus decreases with the increase diameter of fiber composite columns.