In spaceborne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), the pulse compression of LFM (Linear Frequency Modulated) signal would be affected by the system phase error which changes in the space environment. Therefore a method of in-orbit phase pre-distortion for LFM signal based on polynomial fitting is put forward, in which the system phase error is obtained by in-orbit calibration, the phase compensation parameters are obtained by polynomial fitting on ground, and by uploading phase compensation parameters, LFM signal with compensation phase is generated by in-orbit calculation. The basis of the theory is described, as well as the realizing flow of the method is presented. Also, hardware requirements and advantages of the method are analyzed. The method is compared with other methods, and is verified to be efficient by the simulation and experiments in real system.