Chinese rural residence in severe cold regions uses local type heating in winter. Heating period is six months and the energy consumption of heating is huge. In order to raise the controlling index about shape coefficient of energy efficiency in the "design standard for energy efficiency of rural residence", the paper measured 57 rural residences in severe cold regions and got the shape coefficient by mathematical analysis. The control range of different factors on reducing shape coefficient according to Plane form, Profile form, acreage, length of building depth group, and slope of roof, which affect the shape coefficient of rural residence in severe cold regions were presented. The shape coefficient can be got according to the floor quantity. The shape coefficient of one-layer residence should be less than 0.75, and that of two-layer residence should be less than 0.59.