To analyze the mesoscopic strength characters of aggregate contact surface, the quantitative testing technology of adhesion strength between bitumen and aggregates and the cohesion strength of bitumen binder itself under shear load were researched. According to the failure forms and the corresponding relationship of shear adhesion strength between aggregates and bitumen, adhesion failure area, shear cohesion strength of bitumen binder, cohesion failure area and shear failure load, the shear cohesion strength and shear adhesion strength can be determined, and the quantitative test of adhesion and cohesion strength of mineral aggregate contact surface can be realized. The test results show that the experimental temperature and oil film thickness of mineral aggregate contact surface have a big influence on shear adhesion strength, besides, the quality of bitumen also has an effect on it. The shear adhesion strength of bitumen binder has strong correlation with experimental temperature and the quality of bitumen.