To study the effect of structure combinations on rutting resistance, firstly, dynamic modulus tests and single-layered wheel tracking tests were carried out to get basic parameters and anti-rutting resistance of seven asphalt mixtures designed. Secondly, double-layered structural wheel tracking tests subjected to heavy loads were conducted for three pavement structure combinations made up of asphalt mixtures utilized, and then compared the results with the single-layered ones. Finally, three-directional strain of pavement was got on site utilizing fiber Bragg grating (FBG) intelligent test technology, and the rutting resistance of actual asphalt pavement was evaluated through these results. Results show that rutting resistance of pavement structures cannot be reflected by single-layered wheel tracking test accurately, while the double-layered does. Additionally, modulus combinations with different layers must be taken into account in order to maximize the rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures.