To investigate the application of supercritical carbonation technology on cement-based material modification, and to study the effects of supercritical carbonation on microscopic and macroscopic properties of cement-based materials, in this paper, the supercritical carbonation tests have been done to study the change of carbonation depth, strength, pore structure and carbon dioxide absorption of the cement paste, mortar and concrete. It is shown that supercritical carbonation is a powerful tool to achieve the fast carbonation, improve the pore structure, enhance the strength and leach resistance of the material, and absorb a large number of CO₂, which is significant meaningful for optimizing the hazard waste cement solidify and the environmental protection.