Against the problem of urban public transport operation irregularities, the research was carried out to study the game relationship between management departments and public transport enterprises. The profit matrix of the game relations was established according to the corresponding strategy sets of public transport enterprises and management departments. Both expected profit and overall average profit under the different strategies are obtained. Nash equilibrium was obtained using replicator dynamics function to describe the changing rate of both strategies. The paper also establishes the game model of public transport supervision problem by using system dynamics theory, and simulation analysis to the model was carried out. The analysis results show that, when using static penalty strategy, there is no evolutionary stable strategy except Nash equilibrium on both sides, and fluctuations are difficult to control; while using dynamic penalty strategy, there exists evolutionary stable strategy on both sides, the evolution time and amplitude are positively correlated with maximum punishment revenue, and game steady-state is independent of the initial state.