To obtain the temperature distribution rules of steel structures under solar radiation and offer standard reference and reliable basis for related numerical research, temperature field test of a specially designed triangle space truss model was carried out under various conditions. Through the continuous measurements, abundance experimental data and distribution rules were obtained and analyzed in detail. According to the comprehensive test results, solar temperature distribution rules under different conditions were summarized initially. Laying angle has a great influence on temperature field of members in non-horizontal location, while it has little influence on horizontal ones, and the maximum temperature difference between different members can reach 13 centigrade. Then numerical simulation for solar temperature field of the test model was conducted contrastively considering the shadow effect. The results show that test results and simulation results are almost the same, in which the average error rate is not more than 6%. The proposed simulation methods are effective for structural non-uniform temperature field analysis, and the experimental study and conclusions can provide valuable references for other similar analysis methods of temperature field.