The quartz-mica schist is a typical schistosity rock and its structural features are distinct from stratified or layered rocks. Its specific property leads to different deformation and failure mechanism between the quartz-mica schist and stratified or layered rock. Because the quartz-mica schist is easy to disintegrate in water and the angle of schistosity plane can change significantly, it is difficult to systematically carry out the mechanical test of the rock samples with different angles due to sampling difficulties and rock variability. As a research method commonly used in the field or rock mechanics, physical simulation method conducted on similar materials is frequently used to qualitatively explore the mechanical properties and behavior of rocks. The structure and tectonic characteristics of the quartz-mica schist were revealed by electron microscopy and polarized light microscopy, and the deformation and failure mechanism was analyzed from macroscopic and microscopic perspectives according to the experimental result. The device and method for making materials similar to schistosity rock were developed, and the corresponding physical simulation material was obtained. The mechanical behavior, failure characteristics, and mechanical parameters of the similar material were studied by means of uniaxial and triaxial tests. Based on the apparent analysis of material structure and the results of mechanical tests, the reliability of the device, the feasibility of the proposed method, and the similarity of the material itself were verified.