To investigate the shear performance, bonding performance, and low temperature performance of the composite waterproof cohesive layer of cement concrete bridge deck, the Jianhua Bridge on Beian-Fuyu highway was taken as the research object. Composite specimens were prepared using cement concrete, SBS modified asphalt waterproof cohesive layer, and AC-5 asphalt sand, and the amount of waterproof cohesive layer was taken as a variable to carry out direct shear and pull-out tests. Meanwhile, asphalt sand AC-5 beam specimens were prepared to conduct low temperature cracking and low temperature shrinkage tests. Results show that when the amount of waterproof cohesive layer was 0.6 kg/m², the interlayer shear strength was the best, reached 3.45 MPa. With the increase of the amount of waterproof cohesive layer, the pull-out strength first increased and then decreased. When the amount of waterproof cohesive layer was 0.8 kg/m², the pull-out strength was the highest. The maximum bending strain at the bottom of asphalt sand beams decreased with the decrease of temperature, while the flexural stiffness modulus was gradually increased, and the bituminous mixture had the severest deformation in the temperature range of -5--10 ℃.