To solve the problem of fixed local rule control precision caused by frequent traffic flow phase transition and complex road network topology in self-organizing control of urban traffic signals, this paper proposes a reconstruction method of urban traffic signal self-organizing control rule neighborhood. First, neighborhood was defined as the associated adjacent intersections combination which is constructed by the current intersection with its self-organizing control rules. Next, based on the set of the adjacent intersections of the current intersection, with the combination of the methods such as factor analysis and cross-correlation, the relative spatial expression of location as well as the relative temporal expression of traffic flow transmission between current intersection and any adjacent intersection was constructed so as to realize the time-space quantitative expression between the current intersection and all of its adjacent intersections. In the end, the signal switching rules for the current intersection were established based on the fluid dynamic equation. With the established quantitative relationship, the self-organizing control rule neighborhood of the current intersection was reconstructed in its associated adjacent intersection set. Simulation results show that the maximum capacity and the overall capacity of the current intersection increased with the expansion of the neighborhood. Neighborhood reconstruction can solve the problem of control precision caused by fixed rule neighborhood, and the expansion of the neighborhood can affect the stability of traffic flow release.