Electrochemical rehabilitation technology is an effective method to improve the durability of chloride ion contaminated concrete structures. However, negative effects such as reduction of bonding performance, pore structure changes of concrete, and hydrogen embrittlement of steel bar are induced simultaneously, leading to the service performance deterioration of the monolithic component. In order to explore the durability enhancement and mechanical properties of concrete beams after electrochemical chloride extraction and bidirectional electromigration, the corrosion resistance properties of concrete beam after electrochemical rehabilitation were analyzed by combining chloride ion content gradient and potentiodynamic polarization curves, and the static mechanical properties were investigated through load-deflection curves, strain of steel and concrete, and crack distribution of concrete. Results show that electrochemical rehabilitation could effectively remove the surface chloride ions of steel bar and restore the passivation of steel bar, but the extraction of the chloride ions inside steel cage was difficult. When small electrification parameters were selected, electrochemical rehabilitation hardly affected the stiffness and load bearing capacity of the beam, while the bearing capacity decreased when the amount of electricity increased, and the ductility degradation became more obvious. In order to meet the requirements of durability and structural safety, it is suggested that effects of durability enhancement and impacts on mechanical properties deterioration should be comprehensively taken into consideration when selecting electrification parameters for electrochemical rehabilitation.