To improve the measurement accuracy of interferometric imaging spectrometer for space target, reduce the response difference of each detection element in the sensor, and improve the on-orbit radiance measurement accuracy of imaging spectrometer, we proposed a spatial calibration method based on calibration field reflectance measurement parameters, calculation program simulation, and on-orbit measurement data comparison of imager. Firstly, the concept of hyperspectral calibration was introduced, and a high-precision calculation method of pupil entrance radiance under different spectral response functions and different site conditions was proposed. Secondly, the on-orbit relative radiation correction of the interferometric imaging spectrometer was performed, so as to correct the correspondence difference of each detection element in the sensor. The on-orbit absolute radiometric calibration test was carried out by using reflectance-based method. The on-orbit radiometric calibration calculation model was established for visible and near-infrared bands. The optimization design problems of test scheme including multiple reflectivity sites and high-precision test area indication were solved, which realized high-precision on-orbit calibration of spaceborne high-resolution interferometric imaging spectrometer. Results show that the on-orbit measurement accuracy of imaging spectrometer reached 5% by using this calibration technology. The environmental conditions of the calibration sites had impacts on the calculation accuracy of the model: the reflectance-based method was suitable for large-area uniform field, while the small-area uniform field could be calculated by introducing the adjacent pixel effect. The accuracy of reflectance measurement data could be improved by arranging manual indication targets. The calibration technology has been applied in engineering.