The issue of antibiotic pollution in aquatic environments has become one of the major challenges in the field of environmental protection. These pollutants not only cause serious ecological toxicity effects on aquatic organisms, disrupting the balance of aquatic ecosystems, but may also induce the production of resistance genes, posing serious risks and potential threats to ecological safety. Advanced oxidation technology has attracted much attention due to its efficient degradation ability of antibiotics. This technology generates strong oxidizing free radicals, rapidly oxidizes and decomposes antibiotic components, thereby achieving the goal of removing antibiotics. In recent years, this technology has been widely studied and gradually applied in practical application of antibiotic-containing wastewater treatment. However, in the process of advanced oxidative degradation, antibiotics produce a large number of intermediate products due to incomplete degradation and mineralization. The ecological toxicity of these intermediate products cannot be ignored, as they may also have negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The research on the ecotoxicity of intermediate products is a hot topic in this field, and it is also crucial for the safe application of advanced oxidation technologies in the future. This article systematically summarizes and categorizes the mechanisms and technical characteristics of various typical advanced oxidation technologies for degrading antibiotics.It focuses on introducing the research progress on the ecological toxicity of antibiotic advanced oxidation degradation products, and systematically analyzes the future development trends in this research direction.