Based on the ecological footprint,a water resources capacity model was built up. The water resources indicator data of Heilongjiang province from 2003 to 2008 were collected and analyzed. The results indicated that the water resources capacity decreased,and the demand for ecological footprint of water resources increased year by year,and it reached the maximum of 0. 311 7 hm2 /cap in 2008. The reasons for the unsustainable development of water resources in Heilongjiang province were analyzed,and recommendations on scientific management and effective utilization of water resources were put forward. Calculation result verifies that the ecological footprint of water resources and the capacity calculation model are scientific and reasonable. The study provides a basis for scientific decision making of water resources utilization.