In order to fully investigate the influence of statistical uncertainty on reliability of structures,in this paper,the statistical reliability theory of structures considering two kinds of uncertainties,i.e.,physical un-certainty and statistical uncertainty,is deeply and thoroughly studied on the basis of Bayesian statistics.First,the fundamental principles of Bayesian statistics are summarized.The statistical uncertainty in structural engi-neering is then modeled and analyzed by Bayesian updating approach.The various measures for structural sta-tistical reliability are introduced.After that,two methods for statistical reliability analysis of structures consid-ering statistical uncertainty are proposed to treat with the aleatory and epistemic uncertainties:the integrated approach and the separate approach.Two examples are given,one of which is a numerical one;the other is a fracture reliability problem.The examples demonstrate the influence of statistical uncertainty on the reliability indices of structures.