ANAMMOX bacteria is a kind of microorganisms that are related to the order Planctomycetales,able to autotrophically one-to-one combine ammonium and nitrite into dinitrogen gas.Based on ANAMMOX bacteria,ANAMMOX process is believed to be a shortcut pathway for biological nitrogen removal.Since most wastewater contains organic matter,it is of importance to understand the specific impact of organic matter on ANAMMOX bacteria.In an ANAMMOX reactor,large amount of organic matter could inhibit ANAMMOX activity,while such inhibitory is reversible.To date,among the five discovered ANAMMOX genera,four are demonstrated to be able to oxidize short chain organic matter,such as formate,acetate and propionate.This paper reviews the state-of-art of impact of organic matter on ANAMMOX bacteria,especially focuses on the catabolism of organic matter by ANAMMOX bacteria and the perspective application of such technology on the treatment of high nitrogen-carbon ratio wastewater.