To solve the problem of storage and transmission of elemental image array in the integral imaging, the distributed prediction coding method is used to compress the elemental image array. First, the elemental image array is transformed to sub-image array according to the pixel relationship between the elemental images, then the hierarchical coding of the sub-image array is performed via the optimal displacement prediction combined with PRISM distributed coding structure in line with the regular changes of the sub-image arrays. The experiment results indicate that the method is obviously prior to the JPEG in the rate distortion property, and when the resolution of the elemental image array is fixed, the higher the display resolution of the integral imaging, the better the compression performance of the method, which will make it have better adaptability in the high display resolution integral imaging in the future.