To reduce the network leakage effectively and determine the position of the leakage point or region and leakage volume quickly and exactly, the inverse transient leakage location technology based on genetic algorithm is proposed to realize the real-time leakage diagnosis of water supply network. First of all, the microscopic model is established as the basic hydraulic model based on inverse problem analysis. By correlation analysis of the network leakage and pressure variation, the inverse transient leakage location model of water supply network based on genetic algorithm is established. The model takes the position of the leakage point and the corresponding volume as variables, takes the minimum difference between the monitoring value and simulation value of pressure monitoring points when leakage occurs as target. By simulating three leakage modes, the practicality and effectiveness of the inverse transient leakage location model of water supply network are verified. The research provides important basis for making program of leakage detection and location effectively.