To evaluate the rutting resistance differences of indoor samples and pavement cores, Rotary Loaded Wheel Tester (RLWT)was used to acquire rutting deformation, and rutting resistance of indoor samples and pavement cores was researched from the macro perspective. Industrial CT was utilized to obtain asphalt mixture sectional scanning images, the distribution along the depth direction of coarse aggregate particles and area porosity of indoor samples and pavement cores from the micro angle were explored. The results show that the air porosity of the two kinds of samples vary greatly due to the different manners of compaction, leading to the significant discrepancy in the capability of rutting resistance. The uniformity of the distribution along the depth of coarse aggregate particles and area porosity of pavement cores are poor, and the average area porosity and area porosity in the upper part of the pavement cores are obviously greater than those of indoor samples, which proves the accuracy of the macro research from the micro perspective.