In order to reveal the mechanisms of spatial and temporal heterogeneity of urban surface thermal environment, the land surface characteristic parameters in different seasons in western Shenzhen including land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference impervious surface index (NDISI), and normalized difference moisture index (NDMI) were obtained using remote sensing technology. The seasonal variations of land surface thermal environment and its quantitative relationship to biophysical parameters were also analyzed The results showed that significant seasonal variations were observed for the spatial pattern and intensity of thermal environment landscape in the study area. The positive exponential correlation was observed between NDISI and LST, while negative linear correlation between NDMI and LST. These two relations were stable with the seasonal variations. In contrast, the non-linear correlation was observed between NDVI and LST, which varies with the seasonal variations. The multiple linear stepwise regression analysis indicated that the regulating effect on LST decreased in the order: impervious surface area>surface wetness>vegetation cover.