In this chapter, the fire resistance of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures are outlined to expend further research. The progress and prospect in fire resistance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures and prestressed concrete (PC) structures and its repair technology after fire is presented, and some issues that still need to be investigated are discussed. The progress mainly includes mechanical properties of materials at elevated temperatures, fire resistance of RC and PC structures, and fire-induced spalling of concrete. The results show that spalling critical temperature of concrete varies with compressive strength of concrete. Adding steel fibers or polypropylene (PP) fibers is able to prevent fire-included spalling of concrete effectively. The criteria considering nominal stress of concrete and concrete strength is effective for judging fire-induced spalling, which is capable for reducing the possibility of fire-induced spalling of concrete in PC members. The requirements that concrete structures will not collapse or spalling during fire and can be repaired after fire should be satisfied in fire safety design. Rational fibers dosage to prevent fire-included spalling of concrete, fire-included spalling and its prediction model on RC and PC members, fire-induced spalling of RPC, temperature-stress coupling strain-stress relation of RPC and fire resistance of RPC members, effect of force-temperature paths on behaviors of structures and members, fire resistance of high-rise buildings and underground structures are the main problems which need to be studied in the future.