To study the mechanical properties of steel and concrete composite joints under axial compression loads, ten steel and concrete composite joints with different parameters were tested. The main parameter changes of test member include: an inner pipe wall thickness and the radius of the circle, the wall thickness of the outer pipe and the connections between rectangular steel tube and the outer tubes. The experimental results show that steel and concrete composite joints have much in common with steel and concrete, i.e., it has high capacity and good plastic deformation capacity under axial compression loads; the wall thickness and radius of inner pipe is larger than the wall thickness of the outer pipe on the bearing capacity. Connections have greater influence on the joints bearing capacity than others. The bearing capacity of round steel tube is higher than rectangular one and it will be raised at least 15% than the same capacity of round steel tubes and rectangular ones. Under axial compression loads, the failure mode of joints can be divided into central compression failure and spindle deflection failure. Under eccentric loading, the failure mode of joints is divided into joints failure and steel yield damage of pipe.