To identify multiple damage locations in the structure, a method of multiple damage locations identification and imaging was proposed. In this method, the damage index is calculated by using an effective Lamb wave response automatic extraction algorithm. The detected key area in the structure is divided into several subregions, and the effective response signals containing the structural damage information are automatically extracted from the entire Lamb wave responses received by the piezoelectric sensors. Subsequently, the damage indexes of every subregion based on the correlation coefficient are evaluated by using the effective Lamb wave response automatic extraction algorithm. Eventually, the damage locations identification and imaging are performed using the reconstruction algorithm for probabilistic inspection of damage (RAPID). The experimental verification research is conducted using an aeronautic aluminum plate. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this research is capable of identifying multiple damage locations quickly and effectively, as well as imaging the damages in detected area clearly.