To verify the short take-off and large-load characteristics of the fan-wing aircraft, a 6 kg fan-wing aircraft is studied. Based on the analysis of its structure characteristics and flight principle, the longitudinal model is built according to the force analysis on the ground and in the air, which effectively connects the ground running and the aerial flying. Meanwhile, four factors (elevator deflection, position of center of gravity, fan wing rotation speed, and airplane load) influenced the take-off running distance are analyzed and compared through numerical simulations. The simulation results show that: the no-load flight leads to the shortest take-off distance; the elevator deflection is located as large as it can be during the take-off process; as the center of gravity closer to the force application position of the cross-flow fan, the take-off distance remains shorter; when the factors are fixed, the shortest take-off distance, less than 9 m, is obtained with an optimal rotation speed. The allocation of the four factors is needed to gain a better take-off performance through the comparative analyses.