In order to evaluate hydrological and water quality situation of Taolinkou reservoir, BASINs/HSPF model of the upstream Qinglong River watershed is developed to conduct the hydrological and water quality simulation. The efficacy, efficiency and reliability of the orthogonal range analysis pattern for parameter optimization is assessed by Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient and different comparisons, and the following conclusions are obtained: the orthogonal range analysis pattern can decrease optimization efficiency and narrow parameter range for BASINs/HSPF, and can be used as a high-efficiency tool to obtain the high sensitive parameters and the satisfied parameter set. It is also useful for developing the relative parameter optimization algorithms; the measured runoff time series of the Taolinkou reservoir in 2012 and 2011 were used for calibration and verification, respectively. Based on the orthogonal range analysis, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient is up to 0.79 for verification, lower than that of calibration (0.81) and PEST automatic calibration(0.84);six relatively sensitive parameters (IRC, INFILT, AGWRC, DEEPFR, AGWETP and LZSN) are identified based on range analysis for BASINs/HSPF of Qinglong river watershed; ranges of the satisfied BASINs/HSPF parameter set by orthogonal range analysis method are as follows: [2.0, 6.3](LZSN), [0.084, 0.167](INFILT), [0.90, 0.95](AGWRC), [0.209, 0.333](DEEPFR); [0.067, 0.199](BASETP), [0.067, 0.199](AGWETP), [0.14, 0.27](CEPSC), [1.35, 2.00](UZSN), [0.392, 0.483](IRC).