To achieve the invasion, precision, intelligentization and remote manipulation of the surgery, the minimally invasive surgical robot developed by combining robotics with minimally invasive surgery (MIS) improves the environment and tools for MIS, and enhances the performance of the surgery, which has comprehensive application and development prospects. Based on the review of the research status of minimally invasive surgical robot, a variety of key technologies such as design of slave robotic arms, control structures and methods, haptic master hands, surgical instruments and force perceptive devices are discussed and analyzed, and then the augmented reality, semi-automatic surgery, surgical training system and the trend of minimally invasive surgical robotic technologies are presented.