To determine the influence factors of biocathode bioelectrochemical system(bioc-BES) used for p-nitrophenol (PNP) degradation in actual production, the effects of applied voltage, PBS concentrations, and external resistance on the PNP removal were studied. The results showed that when external resistance was 10 Ω, with the increase of applied voltage from 0.2 V to 0.6 V, the PNP degradation rate constant increased from (0.024±0.005) h^-1to (0.098±0.001) h^-1,and 0.5 V was the best applied voltage for PNP removal. With the phosphate buffer solution concentration increasing from 10 mmol/L to 200 mmol/L, the PNP degradation rate constant increased from (0.039±0.004) h^-1 to (0.071±0.011) h^-1, and 50 mmol/L was optimal for PNP removal. The external resistance, which increased from 1 Ω to 100 Ω, had no obvious difference on PNP removal. These results indicated that the biocathode BES is well adaptable for environment and able to provide a theoretical basis for efficient PNP removal in practical wastewater treatment.