To investigate the seismic performance of double-skin concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns, a quasi-static test was conducted for 6 specimens with 3 section forms and 2 shear span ratios, and the same vertical load was applied to each specimen. The steel components of the specimens were set as circular steel tube, double-skin steel tube, and double-skin steel tube with cavity welded steel plate. Failure mode, hysteresis characteristics, bearing capacity, stiffness degradation, ductility, and energy consumption of the specimens were analyzed. Test results indicate that except for the single-cavity CFST column with shear span ratio of 2.2, the hysteretic curves of the other specimens are plump and the seismic performance is stable. The hysteretic curves of the specimens with the same drift ratio can be plumper by increasing the section steel ratio or the shear span ratio. Setting the inner steel tube and the cavity welded steel plate can improve the bearing capacity, and it can greatly enhance the ductility of the specimens with smaller shear span ratio. The initial stiffness can be significantly improved by reducing the shear span ratio, but the stiffness degradation rate is faster, and the cumulative damage effect is more significant. When the construction is set, the cumulative energy dissipation of the specimens with small shear span ratio is higher when the ultimate drift ratio is reached. Compared with the experimental results, the calculation results of the practical bearing capacity of the CFST column adopted in this study are conservative.