In order to study the seismic performance of assembled lightweight steel frame with deformation controllable connection of geopolymer concrete wall, one assembled lightweight steel frame and three assembled lightweight steel frame specimens of different types of connection with geopolymer concrete wall were constructed and tested under cyclic loading. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the connection type on the load bearing capacity, ductility, energy dissipation ability, damage characteristics, and damage evolution law of the structure and to verify the reliability of the deformation controllable connection among the assembled components. Test and analysis results show that the connections among the components of the lightweight steel frame were reliable, and the assembled lightweight steel frame with deformation controllable connection geopolymer concrete wall exhibited good seismic performance. Geopolymer concrete wall had similar damage evolution law with common concrete walls. The relative displacement due to the deformation controllable connection between the wall and frame improved the ductility and deformability significantly, and prevented geopolymer concerte wall from cracking under frequent or moderate earthquakes. Assembled lightweight frame with deformation control connection geopolymer concrete wall have multiple seismic resistant measures, which can meet the seismic resistant requirements in earthquake-prone area.