To investigate the seismic energy response of a high-rise building considering the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI) under seismic excitation, two shaking table test models, a fix-based (FB) model and a SSI model, were designed for simulating the high-rise building with frame-core tube structure based on the Buckingham π theorem and the principle of equivalent bending stiffness and strength. The original test data preprocessing method, energy equation of multi-degree-of-freedom system, and calculation method of the parameter matrix of the test model structure were explored in this study. Soil Effects on the dynamic characteristics and energy response of the superstructure of the two models were analyzed by comparing the kinetic energy, elastic strain energy, damping and hysteretic energy dissipation of soil under simulated seismic ground motions with different intensities. The results show that the energy response of the superstructure of the SSI test model was smaller than that of the FB model. The ratio of the soil damping of energy dissipation decreased with the increase of the seismic intensity. The soil could change the dynamic characteristics and energy response of the superstructure, but not the distribution trend of the energy response along the superstructure.