To investigate the influence of reinforcement cages and circular steel tube on special-shaped multi-cell concrete-filled steel tube (SMCFST) under reciprocating axial load, three large-size specimens were designed based on Z15 tower. The failure model, load-deformation curves, skeleton curves, bearing capacity, deformation capacity, stiffness degeneration, cumulative energy dissipation, and strain of the specimens were analyzed. Codes of different nations were utilized to calculate the bearing capacity of the specimens. The results shown that the reinforcement cages could enhance the initial stiffness and bearing capacity of the specimens. The circular steel tube could further improve the initial stiffness and bearing capacity, as well as significantly enhance the ductility, cumulative energy dissipation, and the behavior of the specimens at the later stage. Moreover, since the codes ignored the effect of horizontal diaphragms and the different buckling mechanisms between inner steel plate and outer steel plate, the calculation results were significantly lower than the experimental results. Therefore, it was necessary to further investigate the calculation method of the multi-cell concrete-filled steel tube. The circular steel tube was suggested to be used in buildings to improve the axial compression behavior of the special-shaped multi-cell concrete-filled steel tube.