To simulate the low-temperature environment required for the friction performance test of polar deck machinery, the German Julabo expert type ultra-low temperature heating refrigeration circulator FP89-HL was used as the cold source, and a light and sturdy aluminum alloy was used to make the chambers, then two cryogenic chambers for reciprocating friction and wear tester and rotating friction and wear tester were developed respectively. The physical and mathematical models of air flow and heat transfer in the chamber were established and simulated using FLUENT software. The experimental results show that the lowest temperature in the reciprocating cryogenic chamber can reach -64 ℃ and the lowest temperature in the rotating cryogenic chamber reaches -70 ℃ under the condition of the ambient temperature of 18 ℃. The simulation results are in good agreement with the cavity temperature test results. The environment design, simulation and implementation of the combination of low temperature cycle system and friction and wear testing machine broaden the operating temperature range of friction and wear testing machine. Compared to the traditional test environment which is only cooling the sample to low temperature, the new environment which is simulating real low temperature friction conditions through ambient cooling has the advantage of being closer to the actual working conditions.