Soil organic contamination is a serious environmental issue that has attracted wide attention. As a low cost and environmental friendly method, the addition of soil amendments has great prospect in soil situ remediation. However, the efficiency of soil amendments on the biodegradation of organic pollutants depends on its impact on bioavailability. Soil amendments have multiple influences on the bioavailability of organic pollutants. On the one hand, organic pollutants are immobilized by soil amendments due to adsorption effect, thus decreasing the bioavailability of the organic pollutant. On the other hand, dissolved organic matter from soil amendments can facilitate the desorption of the organic pollutants and increase the bioavailability. Moreover, microbial activity can be enhanced by soil amendments, which is also beneficial for organic pollutants biodegradation. This paper investigates the impact of three common soil amendments (i.e., biochar, compost, and surfactants) on the bioavailability of organic pollutants from the perspectives of adsorption and desorption, mass transfer between organic pollutants and microorganism, as well as microbial abundance and activity. Results of this study will provide reference for finding soil amendments with high efficiency.