To understand the performance of high strength weathering steel (HSWS) and its technical application in bridge engineering, this paper first summarizes the research progress and achievement of weathering steel (WS) applied to bridge engineering at home and abroad, and reviews the development history of the WS technology. Then, the corrosion mechanism, corrosive environment, and corrosion resistance of HSWS, as well as the corrosion evaluation methods are analyzed. Moreover, the weld performance of HSWS, and the corrosion-fatigue (C-F) performance and evaluation methods of WS are summarized. Finally, the application of HSWS to bridge engineering and the test situations of Chinese HSWS are elaborated. Analysis result indicates that although the technology of Chinese WS has achieved great improvement, the technology of Chinese WS bridges is still in an embryonic stage. Study on strength, stabilization, and fatigue of WS bridges under corrosion effect will be the future research orientation. The fatigue strength of WS bridges can be promoted by utilizing new weld technology to critical part. The fatigue and mechanics performance of Chinese HSWS can meet the requirement of bridge construction, and those of corroded HSWS are worth in-depth study. In addition, C-F model based on electrochemistry corrosion and fracture mechanics can be utilized to evaluate the C-F life of HSWS.