To achieve a balance between force and displacement of bridges under earthquakes, a buffer cable sliding friction aseismic bearing (BCSFAB) was proposed on the basis of cable sliding friction aseismic bearing (CSFAB). The concept and the working mechanism of BCSFAB were introduced. A quasi-static test was carried out on CSFAB and BCSFAB, and test results were compared. Then, the numerical simulation method for BCSFAB was proposed and validated. Finally, by taking a continuous girder bridge as the research object, the seismic performance of BCSFAB and CSFAB under three near-field pulse-type waves was analyzed respectively. Results show that compared with CSFAB, BCSFAB performed better in reducing the peak displacement of bearing, maximum bending of pier bottom, and residual displacement of the structure, which has better limiting ability and self-centering capacity.