To solve the problem that the current standard and specification cannot evaluate the skid resistance property of the asphalt roadways in use, a long-term skid resistance property evaluation index of asphalt mixture was proposed on the basis of the self-developed “thermo-control and accelerated wheel tracking polishing device” and the principle of differential polishing. Based on the differences of mineral contents, polished stone value(PSV), and microtextures of different aggregates, the optimum design of mixture proportion of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) was carried out by blending coarse and fine aggregates. Results show that the long-term skid resistance property of the SMA roadway was significantly improved (up to 5 BPN). For regions where high quality aggregates are scarce, by blending coarse aggregates of high and low PSV, the construction cost can be reduced and the long-term skid resistance property of the asphalt roadways can be significantly improved.