To study the influence of axial pressure on the dynamic mechanical properties of granite under cyclic impact loading, a modified dynamic and static combined SHPB system was adopted to perform equal-amplitude cyclic impact on granite samples under five axial pressures (σ_A=0,0, 0,0 and 120 MPa). Experimental results show that under the same cyclic impact loading, the total number of cyclic impacts of the samples first increased and then decreased with the increase in axial pressure, and it reached maximum when σ_A=60 MPa. The samples under five axial pressures all exhibited typical II-type stress-strain curves. The average strain rate and peak strain of the samples under σ_A=0,0, 90 and 120 MPa increased with the increase in the impact number, while the peak stress and elastic modulus were opposite. The dynamic mechanical parameters of the samples deteriorated faster under σ_A=0 and 120 MPa. The average strain rate and peak strain of the samples under σ_A=60 MPa showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing with the increase in the impact number, while it was opposite for peak stress and elastic modulus, and the dynamic mechanical parameters deteriorated slowly. Combined with the acoustic emission energy count in static compression, it can be found that when the axial pressure exceeded the crack initiation stress, the influence of axial pressure on the rock dynamic characteristics converted from strengthening to deterioration under cyclic impact loading.