To avoid the performance degradation of vehicle fuel cells due to start-stop changes, power fluctuations and other states, in the development process of energy management strategy, it is necessary to consider the durability of fuel cells while ensuring the economy. In this paper, the start-stop state of fuel cell is set as the state variable, and the idle transition stage is added between the start-up and shutdown states of the fuel cell, so as to achieve the adaptive start stop interval control of the fuel cell. The joint cost function of economy and durability is constructed by using fuel cell performance degradation index as durability cost and vehicle energy consumption as economic cost. Based on the improved dynamic programming algorithm, a joint optimization energy management strategy for the economy and durability of extended range fuel cell vehicles is established. The simulation results show that the vehicle energy consumption of the proposed strategy is 5.3% higher than that of the classical dynamic programming strategy, the output power of the fuel cell is stable, the start-stop changes are less, and the performance degradation degree is improved by 65.5%, which effectively ensures the vehicle economy and fuel cell durability.