To solve the problem of the arrival-departure track utilization planning for high-speed railway stations, an optimization model of train platform utilization based on time segment and multi-objective optimization and an improved fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ) were proposed. First, considering the coupling relationship between the arrival-departure tracks and the routes in the throat area, the study period was divided according to the arrival and departure distribution characteristics of the trains. Taking the utilization balance of the train platform, strong planning robustness, and passenger service quality as the optimization objectives, an optimization model of train platform utilization was established by integer programming method. Then, an elite strategy with feasible solutions was designed by introducing constraint domination principle. At last, the actual operation data of a station on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway was taken as an example for simulation verification. Calculation results show that the occupancy cost of the train platform was reduced by 16.98% compared with the original scheme in the normal peak period, which significantly improves the quality of passenger service. During the rush hour, the variance of the occupation time of the platform and the total conflict coefficient were reduced by 48.57% and 29.81% compared with the original scheme, which significantly improves the equipment utilization rate and the robustness of the arrival-departure track utilization plan. In comparison with the overall optimization method, the time segment optimization method could be more targeted in reducing the function value of the optimization objectives. Therefore, considering the influence of train arrival and departure distribution factors on the train platform utilization, it can effectively improve the optimization factors and provide support for making station operation plans during different busy periods.