The construction of masonry structures with removed walls can realize the reutilization of the removed walls and promote the further development of industrialized demolition and construction of masonry structures. To study the seismic resistance of masonry structures built with removed walls, the similarities and differences between masonry structures built with removed walls and ordinary masonry structures were analyzed. Twenty ground motion records were selected for incremental dynamic analysis of brick masonry structure model with structural column spacing, number of stories, and masonry strength as basic parameters, peak ground acceleration as ground shaking strength index, and maximum inter-story displacement angle as structural damage index. Based on the established seismic vulnerability curves and seismic damage matrix of brick masonry structures, it was found that the seismic performance of brick masonry structures built with removed walls was significantly improved compared with conventional brick masonry structures under the same conditions, which was mainly due to the relatively dense structural columns used for the splicing of the removed walls. The number of stories and masonry strength directly affected the seismic capacity of the structure. It is recommended that the total number of stories and total height of the structure should not exceed the requirements of GB 50011 when reusing removed walls, and reasonably assessment of the mechanical properties and integrity of the removed walls should be conducted. It is also necessary to ensure that the seismic measures for masonry structures built with removed walls are not lower than those for new masonry structures under corresponding seismic intensity requirements.