Up to now, membrane process has been adopted as one of main advanced treatment processes of landfill leachate to meet the requirement of discharge standard. However, a large amount of membrane leachate concentrate with more pollutants is produced, which will cause serious secondary pollution without proper treatment and disposal. In this work, various treatment processes of leachate concentrate from the aspects of principle, application effect, cost, and technical development were classified and discussed according to the published related studies and engineering application cases. The characteristics, existing problems, and application scope of recirculation, physical treatment (submerged combustion evaporation and mechanical vapor recompression), chemical treatment (incineration, advanced oxidation processes, and supercritical water oxidation), physical and chemical treatment (flocculation, adsorption, membrane separation, and solidification/stabilization), and coupled treatment processes with or without membrane were also reviewed. Finally, the treatment routes for different types of leachate concentrate were concluded, and the future prospect of leachate concentrate treatment was put forward, aiming to provide technical reference for further study and full-scale treatment of leachate concentrate.