To reduce the bow wave disturbance on hose-drogue during the docking operation of aerial refueling and improve the docking success rate of aerial refueling, the motion characteristics of hose-drogue under the influence of bow wave were simulated and analyzed. First, based on the lumped parameter method, a dynamic model of hose-drogue assembly with hose elastic, bending restoring moment, and variable-length was built. Then, a theoretical model for the bow wave of Rankine half-body was introduced to simulate the bow wave field conforming to the nose shape of the receiver aircraft. Finally, through the numerical simulation of turbulence, gravity, and tanker wake, the motion characteristics of hose-drogue under bow wave were obtained. The effects of docking height, flight speed, hose material, docking speed, docking method, and nose shape of the receiver on the motion characteristics of hose-drogue under bow wave were analyzed. Results show that when the receiver aircraft was close to the drogue, the drogue would deviate away from the receiver under the bow wave effect and then swing back. High docking altitude and low flight speed reduced bow wave disturbance. Reasonable setting of docking speed, docking method, hose material, section type, and nose shape of aircraft could also reduce the disturbance of bow wave to drogue. Simulation results show that the bow wave disturbance could be reduced by optimizing the refueling equipment and docking process.