To solve the problem that the static service bill of material (service BOM, SBOM) cannot reflect the service process of dynamic maintenance, repair and overhaul (Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul, MRO) in real time, a SBOM evolution model in the product service life cycle for different management and service requirements in the dynamic MRO business is designed. By analyzing the difference of SBOM structure under the three management requirements of batch product, single product and single MRO service, from the perspective of assembly location, supplier and MRO tasks, the nodes and constraints of SBOM are classified and defined, and the evolution relationship model of different types of SBOM is established. Based on the influence of MRO service requirements on the changes of general SBOM and instance SBOM nodes, two types of SBOM changes in the dynamic service process and the node states under each type of changes are described, and the dynamic evolution model of SBOM changing with time is constructed. Finally, a locomotive bogie is taken as an example to prove the feasibility of the evolutionary model, and two MRO service traceability mechanisms are proposed according to the node traceability purpose, which greatly improves the management and traceability ability of dynamic data information in locomotive MRO service.