The courtyard space of exhibition buildings carries multiple functions, such as outdoor exhibitions, art fairs, plant displays, and entertainment, which are closely related to the outdoor wind environment. In the deliberation of existing design schemes, the size and layout of the courtyard mainly rely on the subjective experience of the architects, lacking of relevant thinking between courtyard design and outdoor wind environment. This paper collects the courtyard area of 48 well-known exhibition buildings, obtains the quadratic function relationship between the ground floor area of the exhibition building and the courtyard area through scatter curve fitting, and proposes five typical layout models. On the basis of the climatic conditions in the hot summer and cold winter area (taking Hangzhou as an example), the influence of the outdoor wind environment was evaluated by the proportion of the suitable wind environment and the stability of the wind speed. Results show that the proportions of suitable wind environment areas for U-shaped enclosures (east-facing courtyards), segmented enclosures (west-facing courtyards), and segmented enclosures (east-facing courtyards) maintained at 99%, which can provide an ideal outdoor exhibition space. The variance of the measuring points in the U-shaped enclosure (east-facing courtyard) was small and the wind speed of the courtyard was stable, which meets the wind environment requirements of outdoor exhibitions. This research provides design reference for exhibition buildings with suitable wind environment.