To study the seismic reinforcement method of prefabricated concrete pier with grouting sleeve (PCP-GS), this paper takes PCP-GS and PCP with grouting sleeve-prestressed tendon combined connection (PCP-GS-P) as research objects. Two 1/6 scale models of PCP-GS and PCP-GS-P were designed and manufactured. According to the damage characteristics of the two piers, a combined reinforcement method based on carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) and external metallic dissipater (CFRP-EMD) for the specimens was proposed. The near fault ground motions were selected as input. Shaking table tests for the model piers were carried out under unidirectional and bidirectional excitations. The reinforcement effects of CFRP-EMD on the two specimens were analyzed through test phenomena, basic dynamic characteristics, and seismic response laws. Results show that the main seismic damages of the two specimens were pier body cracking, opening and closing at the joint seam, and spalling or crushing of seam concrete. Compared with PCP-GS, the stiffness and self-reset ability of PCP-GS-P were improved, and the damage velocity and damage degree of the pier body and joint seam were reduced. The CFRP-EMD could effectively increase the stiffness, energy dissipation capacity, and anti-deformation capacity of the damaged fabricated specimens. The plastic deformation of PCP-GS-P strengthened with CFRP-EMD was more reasonable. The proposed design and implementation method can be used as reference for seismic reinforcement of prefabricated concrete piers.