To accurately calculate the slip of stud connectors in steel-concrete composite beams during the life cycle, the load-slip calculation model of stud connections under any number of fatigue cycles was studied. 11 push-out specimens of stud connectors were designed and fabricated to perform static slip test, fatigue slip test and residual slip test. The slip growth and distribution characteristics of stud connections during the whole process under fatigue and static load were analyzed by test results. Based on the statistical data in this paper and literature, an exponential stud load-slip model considering the ultimate slip was established under monotonic load. On this basis, considering the reduction of stud diameter and slip due to fatigue damage, and taking into account the cumulative increase in the slip of the stud connector and the degradation of its own bearing capacity, a load-slip calculation model for the whole process of stud connectors under any number of fatigue loads was established and verified by test values. The results show that the slip of stud connections can be divided into cumulative slip during fatigue loading and residual slip after fatigue loading. During fatigue loading, the cumulative slip of the stud increases in three stages of “fast-slow-rapid”. After fatigue loading, the residual slip amount and the total slip amount of the stud decrease with the increase of fatigue cycles, which indicates that the overall deformation performance of the stud deteriorates gradually due to the increase fatigue damage. The calculated values of the proposed full-process load-slip calculation model for studs are quite agreeable to the experimental ones.