In order to facilitate road engineering personnel to have a more specific and in-depth understanding of roads in cold regions, and to help researchers study the occurrence and development laws of road diseases, and to improve their understanding of the temporal and spatial conditions of road structures, the researchers have conducted research on the deformation laws of road surfaces in cold northern regions. The researchers selected typical highway sections and established 10 monitoring sections to continuously monitor the on-site elevation of roadbed frost heave and thaw settlement deformation. The authors analyze the deformation characteristics and response mechanisms of road surfaces under the influence of temperature fields, and analyze the time-domain deformation characteristics, dynamic deformation characteristics, and differences of highways under natural conditions. By analyzing periodic monitoring data, the researchers constructed parameters such as vertical relative deformation, vertical relative deformation rate, and maximum multiple of deformation rate between cross-sections. They used these parameters to compare the deformation and differences between different sections, cross-sections, and monitoring points. The researchers have provided the coordination law between road surface deformation and temperature field in cold northern regions. The researchs results confirm that the road surface deformation based on temperature field in cold northern regions has typical periodic characteristics. At the same time, through comparative research, the researchers have discovered the differences in deformation characteristics in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the filling and excavation sections, the distribution pattern of deformation extremes, as well as the relative deformation patterns and deformation rate differences during the thermal expansion, frost heave, and thaw settlement stages. The researchers have found that the deformation rate of excavated sections is more than 10 times that of filled sections, and the thermal expansion rate from August to October is greater than that from October to November. The researchers analyzed the melting rate at different times and found that melting mainly occurred from March to May. The authors analyzed that the rate of frost heave is relatively stable, and also found that for fill sections, the frost heave from November to January is greater than that from January to February, while the opposite is true for excavation sections. The authors summarized the time-domain response laws and characteristics of temperature field for road surface deformation in cold regions, providing a basis for research on roadbed, pavement structure and materials, as well as road diseases in cold regions.