Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has developed into efficient and mature technology for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment technologies. The wastewater treatment plants based on MBR are established and put into production all over the world with continuously increasing amount and expanding scale. As membrane fouling remains the bottleneck in wider spread and application of MBR, development of high-efficiency and low-cost methods for membrane fouling control has become a research hotspot in the field. As a typical advanced oxidation process, electrochemical oxidation (EO) is widely competent in pollutants decontamination and bacteria disinfection in aqueous environment, exhibiting attractive antifouling potential in MBR by simultaneous foulant degradation and bacteria inactivation on membrane surface. In recent years, the flourishing EO-based technologies for membrane fouling control have accelerated the innovation of antifouling methods in MBR and highlighted new thought on antifouling mechanism. To keep pace with the rapid development of MBR, comprehensive summarization and discussion of EO for antifouling research and application in MBR are urgently needed. This review firstly introduces the working mechanism of EO, and analyzes various ways involved in generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of membrane fouling in electrochemical oxidation MBR (eMBR). Based on the latest research progress both domestically and internationally, the operational modes and antifouling performance of eMBR were systematically discussed from the perspective of loading methods of electrode, combining methods of electrode and membrane, and fabricating material of electrode. The influencing factors of EO in inhibiting membrane fouling and existing challenges for practical application were summarized. Finally, future research prospects in eMBR were discussed and suggestions on further optimization and innovation were provided.