Extreme environments such as low temperature, high humidity, high wind speed, high salinity, extreme daytime, and extreme nighttime can easily lead to icing on the surface of ships, low-altitude vehicles and other near-sea equipment, which seriously affects the normal operation of such equipment. To cope with the ice hazards brought by the complex environments, scholars both domestically and internationally have conducted numerous comparative experiments and mathematical modeling studies on icing detection and prediction methods, as well as anti-icing, de-icing, and ice-breaking technologies. This paper provides an analysis and summary of the existing research progress in the field of ice-related studies. Results show that icing prediction methods primarily rely on empirical, theoretical and numerical models, with theoretical models having an accuracy below 50% while numerical models achieve an accuracy above 60%. Ice detection mainly adopts two methods of observation and detection, in which the measurement accuracy of the average ice thickness of the observation method and detection method can reach ±0.038 mm and ±0.05 mm, respectively. Ice cover on the surface of polar equipment originates from wave droplets, rain droplets and the atmosphere, with wave droplets accounting for up to 90%. Ice prevention technologies include passive and active methods, with the former having low energy consumption and short service life,and the latter being more efficient but with complex device setups. The combination of both remains a future development trend. In polar regions, ice-breaking for waterborne vessels primarily involves ramming, crushing, and pressure ridging techniques, while ice-breaking for submarines beneath the ice utilizes mechanical squeezing, torpedo blasting, laser ice melting, and other direct ice-breaking methods or coupled techniques such as "weak ice first, then ice-breaking" coupling techniques. Based on the analysis of icing prediction and detection methods, and anti-icing, de-icing and ice-breaking technologies in polar low-temperature environments, further optimization directions for existing methods and technologies are proposed. These insights aim to provide references for the development of ice disaster protection and control technology for the carrier equipment and engineering equipment in complex low-temperature environments.